Emerging Pathogens, Vaccine and Breakthrough Infection News and Medical Cases
No significant difference in hospitalization between immunized and non-immunized found for SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant
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A study of vaccinated and unvaccinated residents of Bangladesh observed that ChAdOx1 could not prevent the new infection or severe COVID-19 disease outcome with single dose when infections were mostly caused by B.1.351 (the Beta) variants of SARS-CoV2.
About 39% (n = 42) of the respondents were infected after the COVID-19 vaccination. The first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine was received by 40 (37.0%) cases and both doses were completed by only 2 (2%) cases. The average duration between vaccination (partially or completely immunized) and COVID 19 diagnosis was 32 (±17) days.
The hospitalization rate of comorbid patients was 23.5% among the immunized and 24.1% among the nonimmunized groups. There was no significant difference in duration of hospitalization either (p=0.78).
Genomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern identified from the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 immunized patients from Southwest part of Bangladesh
Al-Emran HM, Hasan MS, Setu MA, Rahman MS, Alam AR, Sarkar SL, Islam MT, Islam MR, Rahman MM, Islam OK, Jahid IK. Genomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern identified from the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 immunized patients from Southwest part of Bangladesh. Journal of Infection and Public Health. 2021 Dec 7.
A 21-year-old non-smoking Caucasian male with a history of acute pancreatitis but no other medical issues or family history had two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Four months after the second dose he had his first episode of COVID-19. Although not hypoxic, he felt pretty unwell for a week, with a severe cough, fever, generalized body ache, headache, and loss of taste. He received the third dose of the vaccine two months after recovering from COVID. Nine months after the third dose, he had the second episode of COVID-19, during which he was mildly unwell for three days, recovered, and did not require any anti-viral medication or antibiotics. One week post the second episode of COVID-19, he developed diarrhea and abdominal pain. It then progressed to bloody diarrhea. Ulcerative colitis was diagnosed based on his clinical symptoms, biopsy changes, and the exclusion of other causes. There are ten published case reports about the newly diagnosed ulcerative colitis ...
Post-Vaccination IgG4 and IgG2 Class Switching is linked to Increased Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infections A new study published in Infectious Disease Practice has revealed a concerning correlation between the class switching of antibodies after COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccinations and a heightened risk of breakthrough infections. Specifically, the study found that elevated levels of IgG4 and IgG2 antibodies, which increase significantly following the third mRNA dose, are linked to an increased risk of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections. The study followed a longitudinal cohort of 83 healthcare workers who received three vaccine doses, with an additional 66 participants analyzed at a specific timepoint (T9, May 2022), four months after the first booster. Conducted in Spain, the research tracked immune responses over nearly three years, revealing that the proportion of non-cytophilic antibodies (IgG4 and IgG2) increased relative to cytophilic subclasses (IgG1 and IgG3) after the booster. Th...
mRNA vaccination can, in relatively rare cases, trigger a spectrum of immune-mediated cardiac effects ranging from transient myocardial inflammation and biomarker elevation to clinically apparent myocarditis, with fulminant myocarditis representing the most severe but least common manifestation A new Stanford Medicine study sheds light on a long-standing question: why do mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines could cause myocarditis, particularly in young males? Importantly, the findings also point toward possible ways to reduce this risk without undermining vaccine effectiveness. The researchers identified a two-step immune reaction behind vaccine-associated myocarditis. After vaccination, macrophages (frontline immune cells) release a signaling protein called CXCL10. This, in turn, activates T cells, which produce another inflammatory molecule, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Together, these cytokines act as a “tag team,” driving inflammation that can directly injure heart muscle cells and attract a...
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