Medical Case Reports

The  human leukocyte antigen  ( HLA ) genes  encode proteins essential for mounting an immune response.  Immune systems of people with specific HLA types may be better or worse at mounting an immune response and generating antibodies to specific proteins.  HLA-A11  (A11) is one of serotypes with 10.8% frequency in worldwide population. It's most  common in East Asia. One of its variations,  HLA-A*11, has been linked with vaccine-induced  subacute thyroiditis (V-SAT) . This rare transient inflammatory thyroid disease is usually associated with pain and tenderness of the gland, as well as generalized somatic symptoms: from anxieties,  difficulty swallowing, changes in appetite,  malaise and fatigue to  complete prostration for weeks or months if left untreated. HLA-A*11:01:01:01 was found to be significantly associated with the severity of COVID-19.   SAT is the most common thyroid dysfunction following SARS-CoV-2 vacc...

  A 48-year-old woman complained of a tickle sensation in the throat and dyspnea 30 minutes after being administered the first dose of the Moderna coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. The patient had no history of hypertension, anxiety, or panic disorder. Forty-five minutes after the vaccination, stridor was noted, and the patient developed severe hypertension with a blood pressure of 197/153 mmHg. The patient also had tachycardia, cervical angioedema, and nausea, which occurred in a short period of time, indicating type I hypersensitivity reaction, that is, an anaphylactic reaction.  The patient had persistent nausea, conjunctival hyperemia, facial swelling, and nonpruritic angioedema in the neck.  The patient was diagnosed with Brighton classification Level 1 anaphylaxis caused by COVID-19 vaccination. For managing the patient, two intramuscular adrenaline injections, famotidine, chlorpheniramine, metoclopramide, and methylprednisolone were administered via int...

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and adults (MIS-A) can follow SARS-CoV-2 infection. MIS-C was primarily described for  16-20 year olds, racial/ethnic minority populations and children with comorbidities .  MIS-C and MIS-A can be also induced by  vaccination without current COVID-19 infection. In adults, many individuals who experienced it  were vaccinated 11-78 days after COVID-19-like illness . One case when a 30-year-old male was vaccinated 6 and 28 days after positive test was fatal . In children, only ~25% had COVID-19 in the past . Average age was lower than in MIS-C triggered by the virus.   Here are a few case reports.  A 12-year-old male was presented to the hospital with acute encephalopathy, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, and elevated troponin two days after the second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. Symptoms developed within 24 h. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a cytotoxic splenial lesion of the ...

  Previously healthy young adult experienced mild case of COVID-19 and got vaccinated on the 6th day of symptom onset. 20 days later he received his second dose of the vaccine that caused fatigue and malaise resolved within 2 days. 22 days later he had onset of new fever, malaise, headache, and odynophagia, developed tachycardia,  thrombocytopenia and eventually died from  severe multisystem organ failure despite treatment.   Fatal Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adult after SARS-CoV-2 Natural Infection and COVID-19 Vaccination Abstract We describe a fatal case of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in an adult with onset 22 days after a second dose of mRNA coronavirus disease vaccine. Serologic and clinical findings indicated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection occurred before vaccination. The immunopathology of this syndrome, regardless of vaccination status, remains poorly understood. Grome HN, Threlkeld M, Threlkeld S, Newman C, Mar...

SUMMARY   We report a case from an ongoing COVID-19 vaccines long-term safety study . We describe a fatal SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection occurring after a serious adverse reaction to ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccine. Two years into the outbreak, COVID-19 treatment and preventive care are still not sufficiently personalized. Radiographic and laboratory findings commonly used to monitor progression to severe disease fail to select appropriate treatment or subsequent immunization regimen while predicting response to therapy remains a clinical challenge. Retrospectively analyzing post-immunization adverse events helps in understanding the relationship between host susceptibility and vaccine efficacy, which may ultimately lead to improved interventions. CASE PRESENTATION An otherwise healthy 84-year-old male tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 with a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) about 2 months af...