Medical Case Reports

Encephalitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the brain, characterized by the swelling of the brain tissue. This inflammation is often triggered by viral infections, although it can also result from bacterial infections, autoimmune disorders, or vaccination.  Multiple cases have been presented in the literature.  Anti NMDA Autoimmune Encephalitis in a Pediatric Patient: Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system. In this condition, the body's immune system mistakenly targets and attacks NMDA receptors in the brain. NMDA receptors are essential for normal brain function, and their dysfunction can lead to a range of neurological symptoms. The condition is often associated with the presence of antibodies against the NMDA receptors. The case involves a 13-year-old female who developed anti-NMDA autoimmune encephalitis after receiving the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. The patient presented with subacute neurologic...

A six-and-a-half-year-old fully vaccinated and previously healthy Asian boy presented to the accident and emergency department with 5-day history of high-grade fever associated with non-projectile vomiting, loose stools, abdominal pain, generalized rashes and conjunctivitis without discharge, reduced oral intake and urine frequency. However, he had no history of cough, joint or limb pain, sore throat or rhinorrhea. He was treated for a suspected bacterial infection with co-amoxiclav and paracetamol then cefixime, ibuprofen and desloratadine. As the illness progressed , he became extremely weak associated with headache and on the day of presentation at the hospital he was irritable, had lost speech with mouth deviation towards the left side. He had no reported convulsions, visual disturbance, difficulty swallowing, drooling, difficulty breathing or incontinence. A week prior to his illness, he was exposed to a relative suffering from COVID-19.  A brain MRI revealed acute ischemic in...

Multiple cases of  COVID-19  vaccine-triggered vulvar ulcers have been reported in medical literature.  A  12-year-old healthy girl  without prior sexual activity nor history of oral or genital ulcers presented with a 1-day history of vulvar ulcers with associated swelling and pain three days after receiving the second dose of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine.  Her condition resolved within 10 days after treatment.  A 12-year-old otherwise-healthy female patient presented with painful vulvar ulcerations that had been present for approximately 5 days, starting from 2 days after her 2nd Pfizer vaccine.  Ulcers healed over the course of 2 weeks after treatment.  A virginal 14-year-old girl reported vulvar pain and visible lesion. Exam findings were consistent with vulvar aphthous ulcers. Two days prior to the onset of her symptoms she received her second Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. The evening of vaccine administration, she ex...

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and adults (MIS-A) can follow SARS-CoV-2 infection. MIS-C was primarily described for  16-20 year olds, racial/ethnic minority populations and children with comorbidities .  MIS-C and MIS-A can be also induced by  vaccination without current COVID-19 infection. In adults, many individuals who experienced it  were vaccinated 11-78 days after COVID-19-like illness . One case when a 30-year-old male was vaccinated 6 and 28 days after positive test was fatal . In children, only ~25% had COVID-19 in the past . Average age was lower than in MIS-C triggered by the virus.   Here are a few case reports.  A 12-year-old male was presented to the hospital with acute encephalopathy, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, and elevated troponin two days after the second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. Symptoms developed within 24 h. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a cytotoxic splenial lesion of the ...