Medical Case Reports

The  human leukocyte antigen  ( HLA ) genes  encode proteins essential for mounting an immune response.  Immune systems of people with specific HLA types may be better or worse at mounting an immune response and generating antibodies to specific proteins.  HLA-A11  (A11) is one of serotypes with 10.8% frequency in worldwide population. It's most  common in East Asia. One of its variations,  HLA-A*11, has been linked with vaccine-induced  subacute thyroiditis (V-SAT) . This rare transient inflammatory thyroid disease is usually associated with pain and tenderness of the gland, as well as generalized somatic symptoms: from anxieties,  difficulty swallowing, changes in appetite,  malaise and fatigue to  complete prostration for weeks or months if left untreated. HLA-A*11:01:01:01 was found to be significantly associated with the severity of COVID-19.   SAT is the most common thyroid dysfunction following SARS-CoV-2 vacc...

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a  rare disease with an annual incidence of approximately 20 per million population in Europe and North America. The aetiopathogenesis is complex and is mainly driven by the gene environment interactions. Genes associated with this condition include HLA-DQ (variations in which have been linked to asymptomatic COVID), IL-5 and GPA33. COVID-19 heralds a poor prognosis in those with preexisting AAV with over 50% patients having severe disease. Loss of smell is observed in AAV population more frequently (~50%) than in others (~35%).  70-year-old Chinese woman presented  with poor appetite and nausea 4 hours after receiving the first dose of CoronaVac vaccine. These symptoms progressively worsened, followed by fatigue and foamy urine 10 days later. Her medical history included hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and kidney stones. She had penicillin allergy and no family history of ANCA-associated vasculitis...

A previously healthy woman in her 60s had mild fever and uneventful course after the 1st dose of  ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, but  developed behavioral problems and refusal to take food, one day after receiving the second dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination (dose interval 84 days). Her condition progressed rapidly with onset of confusion, forgetfulness, and hallucinations within the next 5 days. Over the next two days, the patient developed difficulty in walking and echolalia. She was prescribed amantadine, trihexyphenidyl and clonazepam by a local practitioner but she showed further deterioration in the form of irritability, incoherent speech, aggravated forgetfulness, auditory and visual hallucinations, abnormal movements of limbs, and jaw and neck dystonia. The patient had a serum anti-Spike protein IgG titer of 1891.5 AU/mL (non-reactive<50 AU/mL) at 37 days post-second dose. An initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain had revealed FLAIR hyperintensity in bila...

A 90-year old woman weighting 40.5kg (89.3 pounds) develops anorexia after the first dose of the COVID-19 Pfizer vaccine (0.3 ml containing 30μg of mRNA). Vital records showed abrupt increases in the body temperature, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and pulse, and decreases in the intake of meals and drinks and body weight. The patient lost 1/4 of her body weight by the time of death 28 weeks after the COVID-19 vaccination.  The patient also experienced hallucinations and decreased mental status, as well as decreased SpO 2  levels.  One month before death, her status was changed from level 2 (partial assistance) to level 5 (bedridden).  Before the injection her vitals were steady with exception of short-termed changes because of minor illnesses. Vital records restricted to the last 6 months (180 days;  Figure 2 ) show the pre-injection horizontal regression line, large + level change for temperature, pressures, and pulse, and – level change for meals and ...