Medical Case Reports

Encephalitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the brain, characterized by the swelling of the brain tissue. This inflammation is often triggered by viral infections, although it can also result from bacterial infections, autoimmune disorders, or vaccination.  Multiple cases have been presented in the literature.  Anti NMDA Autoimmune Encephalitis in a Pediatric Patient: Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system. In this condition, the body's immune system mistakenly targets and attacks NMDA receptors in the brain. NMDA receptors are essential for normal brain function, and their dysfunction can lead to a range of neurological symptoms. The condition is often associated with the presence of antibodies against the NMDA receptors. The case involves a 13-year-old female who developed anti-NMDA autoimmune encephalitis after receiving the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. The patient presented with subacute neurologic...

A Case report published today describes new-onset acute psychosis as a manifestation of lupus cerebritis following concomitant COVID-19 infection and vaccination.  A 26-years old female with a family history of a mother diagnosed with schizophrenia, and no personal medical or psychiatric history, was diagnosed with mild COVID-19 infection four days after receiving the second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.  She was asymptomatic when she received the COVID-19 vaccine. Two weeks later, she presented to the emergency department with chest pain, where physical examination revealed a heart rate of 110/min. A cardiac ultrasound examination showed a pericardial effusion suggestive of pericarditis. She was started on aspirin and colchicine, with a slow recovery. One month after receiving the vaccine, she presented to the psychiatric emergency department with acute psychomotor agitation, incoherent speech and total insomnia evolving for five days. She was firstly diagnosed wi...

A previously healthy woman in her 60s had mild fever and uneventful course after the 1st dose of  ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, but  developed behavioral problems and refusal to take food, one day after receiving the second dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination (dose interval 84 days). Her condition progressed rapidly with onset of confusion, forgetfulness, and hallucinations within the next 5 days. Over the next two days, the patient developed difficulty in walking and echolalia. She was prescribed amantadine, trihexyphenidyl and clonazepam by a local practitioner but she showed further deterioration in the form of irritability, incoherent speech, aggravated forgetfulness, auditory and visual hallucinations, abnormal movements of limbs, and jaw and neck dystonia. The patient had a serum anti-Spike protein IgG titer of 1891.5 AU/mL (non-reactive<50 AU/mL) at 37 days post-second dose. An initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain had revealed FLAIR hyperintensity in bila...

55-year-old male with no previous mental illness background presented with full-blown manic symptoms following a severe course of COVID-19 infections that required admission. The patient presented with behavioral disturbance after a diagnosis of COVID-19. He exhibited symptoms including irritability, verbal and physical aggressiveness, increased goal-directed activity, elated and expansive mood, increased energy, grandiosity and inflated self-esteem, and decreased need for sleep. With the diagnosis of bipolar I disorder, current manic episode, severe, with psychotic feature, and first manic episode due to COVID-19 infection, he was admitted to the psychiatry emergency ward. By day 21, after treatment, he was discharged from the hospital with full improvement.  This case presents an Ethiopian Perspective . Similar cases were described for a 44-year old Polish man with no psychiatric history and another healthy  51-year old Chinese male .  A study of more than 11 million ...

A 45-year-old male was extremely reluctant to be vaccinated but was pressured at his workplace. The patient's unusual behavior began within five days of receiving the one-dose Ad26.COV2.S adenoviral vector vaccine. He became anxious, suspicious, paranoid, disorganized and complained of headaches. No neurological deficits were found upon examination. Two weeks after the COVID-19 vaccination, persecutory delusions and delusions of reference led the patient to suicide attempt by stabbing himself in the abdomen. After abdominal surgery, the patient was admitted to the Clinic of Psychiatry. In addition to paranoid delusions, the psychiatric evaluation revealed intrapsychic tension and low affect modulation. After two weeks of treatment, the patient's condition improved. After 23 days of treatment in the Clinic, he was discharged without psychotic symptoms.    A 41-year-old male patient developed anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Five days after the second dose of ...

A  fit and healthy 77-year-old woman  got her first dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine in July 2021. Within weeks she went from doing her own shopping and loading firewood to being paralyzed, relying on her children and hospital staff to hand-feed her. She also experienced delusions and hallucinations.  She died in hospital on September 5 last year, leaving four children, six grandchildren and three cats. The cause of death listed on her death certificate is "Guillain-Barre syndrome in the setting of recent AstraZeneca vaccination". The  Therapeutic Goods Administration  (TGA) of Australia has identified 11 deaths linked to the first dose of AstraZeneca – "eight were thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) cases, two were linked to Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), and one was a case of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)". REFERENCES https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-05-17/covid-vaccines-booster-astrazeneca-australian-deaths/101055494 https://www.msn.com/en-au/healt...